Sudan has been engulfed in a brutal conflict, which began in April 2023, following a power struggle between the military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The fighting has resulted in mass killings, widespread displacement, and has escalated into what humanitarian organizations call the world's largest humanitarian crisis. According to United Nations reports, more than 40,000 people have died due to this conflict, although aid groups suggest that actual numbers could be significantly higher. The war has left over 14 million people displaced and has triggered disease outbreaks and famine across various regions in the country. The violence has been characterized by systemic violations of international law, with both the military and RSF being accused of war crimes. In particular, the RSF has faced allegations of committing genocide in the Darfur region, a historically conflict-ridden area. During recent fighting in October 2025, RSF fighters reportedly took over el-Fasher city, marking a critical turning point as the military's last stronghold in Darfur fell under their control. Witnesses have provided testimonies of RSF fighters conducting house-to-house searches, resulting in civilian deaths and incidences of sexual violence. The situation has drawn significant condemnation from international rights groups and attention from the United Nations. The International Rescue Committee (IRC) released an emergency watchlist ranking Sudan as the primary humanitarian crisis globally for the third consecutive year. The IRC highlighted that humanitarian funding has decreased drastically—by 50% in the past year—contributing to an increasingly dire situation that poses a threat not just to the affected populations, but also to humanitarian workers. David Miliband, the IRC's President and CEO, urged the international community to recognize the critical conditions in Sudan and take urgent actions to prevent the worsening of the crisis, as it is predicted that 2026 could become even more perilous. In the broader context, the IRC's watchlist included other nations such as the occupied Palestinian territories and South Sudan, emphasizing that the listed countries suffer from debilitating humanitarian conditions. The dominant drivers behind these crises often include struggles for power and profit, revealing a shift in global stability, often referred to as a “New World Disorder.” The dire situation in Sudan not only reflects the immediate humanitarian needs but signals a troubling trend in international relations and the potential for more extensive conflicts as global aid continues to dwindle.