In Senegal, parliament has recently made significant changes to laws regarding homosexuality. The new legislation, introduced last month by Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko, was overwhelmingly approved by lawmakers with 135 votes in favor and only three abstentions. This law introduces harsher penalties for those convicted of homosexual acts, increasing prison sentences from a range of one to five years to between five and ten years. It aims to reflect the prevailing cultural and religious norms of the predominantly Muslim society in Senegal and fulfills a campaign promise from the prime minister, who previously attempted to enact similar legislation while in opposition. Alongside higher prison terms, the law criminalizes the promotion or financing of homosexuality, targeting organizations and individuals that support LGBTQ+ rights. Fines for such offenses have been raised significantly, reaching up to 10 million CFA. Critics of the law, including various human rights groups, have expressed deep concerns about the potential for aggravated discrimination, violence, and a chilling effect on equality and non-discrimination for sexual minorities. They argue that such legislation could significantly worsen the already precarious situation for LGBTQ+ individuals in Senegal, fueling fears and societal unrest. In response to this legislation, rallies supporting stricter enforcement have been organized by groups advocating for Islamic values, and the police have notably intensified crackdowns on alleged homosexuals, resulting in multiple arrests, including public figures and journalists. The government, however, has dismissed international criticism, claiming the law reflects the values of the Senegalese population and is necessary to protect local cultural ethos. Concerns have also been raised about public health implications, especially regarding HIV prevention and treatment. Experts warn that increased criminalization of same-sex relations may deter LGBTQ+ individuals, particularly those living with HIV, from seeking essential medical care, potentially undermining progress made in controlling the epidemic in Senegal. The nation has been noted for successfully maintaining one of the lowest HIV prevalence rates in West Africa. Critics, including researchers, emphasize that while social concerns need addressing, human rights and public health policies must be respected.