In the United States, on November 14, 2025, a federal appeals court confirmed the hate crime convictions against three men in the killing of Ahmaud Arbery. The incident occurred on February 23, 2020, in a Georgia neighborhood when father and son Greg and Travis McMichael, alongside neighbor William 'Roddie' Bryan, pursued Arbery in pickup trucks as he ran through the subdivision. After one of the McMichaels fatally shot the unarmed 25-year-old Black man, the case garnered significant national attention, leading to widespread outrage and protests demanding justice for Arbery. Over two months elapsed without arrests following the shooting until Bryan's cellphone video, which graphically captured the moment Travis McMichael shot Arbery, leaked online. The public outcry over the killing was compounded by the historical context of racial injustice in the U.S., prompting the Georgia Bureau of Investigation to take over the case. Eventually, charges were filed against all three men, which progressed to state court where they were convicted of murder in late 2021. Following their state convictions, the defendants faced a subsequent federal trial in early 2022, where they were found guilty of hate crimes and attempted kidnapping. During the trial, prosecutors presented evidence of the defendants' racist history through text messages and social media posts, arguing that these messages indicated that their actions were motivated by racial animus towards Arbery. The jury ultimately concluded that the killing was motivated by 'pent-up racial anger,' thereby affirming the hate crime convictions. After a more than year-long deliberation, a three-judge panel on the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected arguments from the defendants' attorneys seeking to have the hate crime convictions overturned. The attorneys contended that the history of the men's racist communications did not definitively prove that Arbery was targeted because of his race. Regardless of the outcome of the appeal, the three men remained serving life sentences for their murder convictions, facing no immediate release from prison as they await any further legal processes.