In several U.S. cities, including Minneapolis, Chicago, and Portland, Maine, immigration enforcement agents have engaged in the use of facial recognition technology to surveil the public. Reports indicate that agents from the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) have been photographed capturing images of unsuspecting individuals on the streets, often without consent. This increase in surveillance has raised alarm among civil liberties advocates, lawmakers, and activists, all of whom contend that such practices undermine personal privacy and civil rights. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which oversees enforcement agencies like ICE and CBP, has expanded its reliance on such technology, claiming it enhances immigration enforcement. However, the potential for misidentification and racial profiling has sparked concerns about the accuracy and implications of employing biometric surveillance in policing. The growing scrutiny of ICE and CBP's tactics has prompted legislative responses, including the introduction of the