Contexts

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a targeted radiation therapy designed primarily for the treatment of certain types of cancer. This innovative therapy is based on the nuclear reaction occurring when boron-10, a non-radioactive isotope of boron, absorbs thermal neutrons and emits high-energy alpha particles and lithium nuclei. The mechanism of action enables the selective destruction of tumor cells while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue, making BNCT a promising option for patients with tumors that are otherwise difficult to treat through conventional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. The application of BNCT requires both a suitable boron compound and a source of neutrons. Typically, patients receive a boron-10 enriched compound, which can be administered either intravenously or intratumorally, depending on the type of cancer and its location. Following the administration of the boron compound, the patient is exposed to a neutron beam, which can be delivered using a neutron source such as a nuclear reactor or a neutron-generating machine. The effectiveness of BNCT depends on the concentration of boron in the tumor compared to that in healthy tissues; thus, meticulous planning and appropriate dosage are crucial for the treatment's success. Research and clinical trials have shown that BNCT can be especially effective in treating malignant brain tumors, such as glioblastomas, and head and neck cancers. One of the significant advantages of BNCT is its ability to target the tumor cells with minimal damage to the surrounding healthy cells. This selectivity reduces the side effects commonly associated with traditional cancer treatments, which often result in significant collateral damage to normal tissues. Furthermore, BNCT has shown promise in overcoming radioresistance in certain tumors that do not respond well to conventional radiation therapies, providing a potential lifeline for patients with limited treatment options. Despite its potential, BNCT is still considered an experimental treatment in many parts of the world, and ongoing research aims to refine and improve the therapy. Efforts are focused on optimizing boron delivery systems, enhancing neutron sources, and expanding the range of cancers that can be effectively treated with BNCT. As our understanding of the biological response to this therapy improves, alongside advancements in technological capabilities, BNCT may become a cornerstone in the evolving landscape of cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients facing aggressive malignancies.